[스크랩] 토플 독해 강좌 - 매카시즘 ( - McCarthyism - )
- 매카시즘 ( - McCarthyism - )
= 토플 독해 강좌 (Raoul Teacher's TOEFL Reading Lecturing)=
During the early years of the Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union,
the Russians supported Communist government throughout Europe and Asia, while
the Americans tried to prevent the spread of Communism. As the conflict grew, the American people became more and more scared that Communists were trying to gain access to the U.S government in order to cause it to collapse. In the early 1950s, Senator Joseph McCarthy used this fear to gain popularity for himself and his policies. On February 9, 1950, McCarthy declared that over 200 employees of the American government were communists. Even though he never presented any evidence of this,
the public believed him because of their strong concerns about Communism. Over
the next few years, he led Congress in investigations of these and thousands of other people accused of being Communists or supporting Communist ideals. Many innocent victims were put in jail without fair trials, as lawyers, unwilling to defend suspected Communists, refused to help them. Even more lost their jobs and were unable to get new ones. Simply being questioned by Congress was enough to make them dangerous in the eyes of the public and ruin their careers and reputations. Then, in 1953, McCarthy claimed there were Communist soldiers in the U.S. army and accused President Eisenhower of protecting them. Both the Senate and
the general public felt McCarthy had gone too far. Support for his ideas faded, and
his policies were blocked by Congress. However, it took much longer for the fearful atmosphere of McCarthyism to disappear completely from the U.S., and it remains a shameful period in American history.
* 출처: p.30 Radix Reading for the TOEFL IBTㅡBlue Label 2 능률교육
http://www.youtube.com/