동사로 만들어진 명사(동명사)
▶ 동명사란?
동사가 명사의 역할을 하는 것이다. 동사에 ~ing를 붙여서 명사로 만들어, 명사가 문장에서 쓰일수 있는 주어, 보어, 목적어 등으로 쓰이는 게 동명사이다. 동사에 ~ing를 붙여서 형용사처럼 쓰이는 것이 분사이고, 명사처럼 쓰이는 것이 동명사이다. 동명사는 to부정사와 분사와 구별하는 문제가 어렵고 시험에도 자주 출제된다.
▶ How to make?
1) 그냥 +ing
ex) walk-> walking see-> seeing talk-> talking sleep-> sleeping
2) -e 면 e 빼고 +ing
ex) make-> making smoke-> smoking take-> taking
3) 단모+단자 이면 단자 를 한번더쓰고 +ing
ex) swim-> swimming put-> putting run-> running
cf) -y로 끝나면 어떻게? study-> studying
Ⅰ. 동명사의 기능
1) 주어 Walking in the street is pleasant.
2) 보어 My hobby is collecting stamps.
3) 목적어 I found studying English difficult.
Ⅱ. 동명사의 시제
He is proud that he is rich
= He is proud of being rich
He was proud that he was rich
= He was proud of being rich.
He is proud that he was rich.
= He is proud of having been rich.
He was proud that he had been rich.
= He was proud of having been rich.
Ⅲ. 의미상의 주어
1) 주절의 주어와 같은 경우 → 생략
He is ashamed that he is lazy.
= He is ashamed of being lazy.
2) 주절의 목적어와 같은 경우 → 생략
I punished him becasue he was dishonest.
= I punished him for being dishonest.
3) 의미상주어가 대명사인 경우 → 소유격으로
That he is rich is known to all.
= For him to be rich is known to all
= His being rich is known to all
4) 의미상주어가 명사인 경우 → 주격, 소유격
I am ashamed that Tom is foolish.
= I am ashamed of Tom being foolish.
Ⅳ. 동명사와 분사의 구
동명사는 명사이고, 분사는 형용사이다.
① A sleeping car (동명사)
→ A car for sleeping
② A sleeping baby (분사)
→ A baby who is sleeping
③ A waiting room (동명사)
→ A room for waiting
④ A waiting lady (분사)
→ A lady who is waiting
Ⅴ. 동명사와 부정사의 구별
1. 동명사만을 취하는 동사
ex) mind, enjoy, give up, avoid, finish, escape, postpone, stop
2. 동명사와 부정사 둘다 취하는 동사
① 취향을 나타내는 동사( like, prefer, hate )
The woman likes (to laugh/laughing)
② 시작과 끝을 나타내는 동사( continue, begin, start )
I continue (to read/reading) at home all day.
3. 시제의 변화
to부정사 -> 미래
동명사 -> 과거
(regret, forget, remember )
I remember to see him.
= I remember that I will see him.
I remember seeing him.
= I remember that I saw him.
4. 뜻의 변화
① stop +～ing ; ~을 멈추다 I stop smoking.
to do ; ~하기 위해서 I stop to smoke.
② try +～ing ; 시도하다 I tried writing her a letter, but she did not answer.
to do; 노력하다 I tried to change my tire but failed in vain.
5. Need, Want 뒤에 ～ing가 오면 수동의 의미
This house need reparing. = to be repaired.
My camera wants mending. = to be mended.
Ⅵ. 동명사의 관용적 용법
1) be busy ～ing ; ~하기 바쁜 We are busy prepareing for the examination.
2) It is no use ～ing It is no use talking to him.
= It is of no use to～ = It is of no use to talk to him.
= It is useless to ～ = It is useless to talk to him.
= There is no use ～ing = There is no use talking to him
; ～ 해도 소용이 없다.
3) keep + A + from B( ～ ing ) I couldn't come here because of the snow.
(= stop, prevent, prohibit ) = The snow prevented me from coming here.
; A가 B를 못하도록 하다.
4) feel like ～ing ; ~하고 싶다. I feel like seeing a movie today
= feel inclined to do = I feel inclined to see a movie today.
5) How(What) about ～ing? How(What) about going to the movies?
= What do you say to～ing? What do you say to going to the movies?
= Let 's ～ Let 's go to the movies.
= Shall we ～ Shall we go to the movies?
; ～하는 게 어때?
6) go ～ing = ～하러 가다 They went hunting the day before yesterday.
7) There is no ～ing : ～ 할수 없다. There is no saying what may happen.
= It is impossible to do
= It is impossible to say what may happen.
= We cannot say what may happen.
8) On ～ing ; ～하자 마자 On hearing the sad news, she began to cry.
= As soon as she heard the sad news, she began to cry.
9) It goes without saying that It goes without saying that we must work hard.
= It is needless to say that = It is needless to say that we must work hard.
; ～은 말할 필요도 없다.
10) can not help ～ing I can not help laughing.
= can not but do = I can not but to laugh.
; ～하지 않을수 없다.
11) be worth ～ing ; ～할 가치가 있다. This book is worth reading.
= be worth while to do/～ing = It is worth while to read this book.
= be worthy of ～ing = It is worth while reading this book.
= This book is worthy of reading.
A. 다음 빈칸을 채우시오.
1. _____ much is a sign of vanity. (말을 많이 하는 것)
2. _____ is very pleasant walking in the country.
3. I found _____ unpleasant _____ in the rain. (walk)
4. That she came here was surprising.
= For her ____ come here was surprising. = Her ____ here was surprising.
5. He insists on her ____ there. (go)
6. Would you mind my ____ here? (smoke)
7. Don't forget ____ ____ the letter on your back home. (post)
8. I stopped ____ ____ because of the strong wind. (smoke)
9. It goes ____ saying that health is above wealth.
= It is needless ____ say that health is above wealth.
10. As soon as he received the letter, he turned pale.
= ____ receiving the letter, he turned pale.
11. He was busy ____ ready for the journey.(get)
12. I feel like ____ now. (sleep) = I feel ____ ____ sleep now.
13. Let's play baseball after lunch, shall we?
= How(=what) ____ playing baseball after lunch?
= What do you ____ to playing baseball after lunch?
= play baseball after lunch?
14. It is ____ use advising him, because he would not listen to us.
15. His age prevents him ____ working.
16. I am sure that he will win the first prize. = I am sure ____ his ____ the first prize.
17. He insisted that I should take him to the zoo. = He insisted my him to the zoo.
18. I regret that I could not accept your offer. = I regret _____ unable to accept your offer.
19. I remember that I have seen this picture before. = I remember ____ this picture before.
20. I cannot ____ pitying such a man. = I cannot ____ pity such a man.
21. We have no garden to speak of. = We have no garden worth ____ ____.
22. There is no ____ what may happen.(know)
= It is to know what may happen. = We ___ ____ know what may happen
23. It is no use crying over spilt milk.
= It is to cry over spilt milk.
= It is ____ to cry over spilt milk
= There is ____ ____ crying over spilt milk.
24. This matter is ____ considering.
= It is ____ ____ considering this matter.
= It is ____ ____ to consider this matter.
= This matter is ____ ____ considering.
B. Correct Errors
25. He always avoids to make any mistake.
26. The rain prevented us to start.
27. I finished to read the book last night.
28. The law prohibits the young to smoke.
29. This book is worth to read.
30. He regrets not to study while young.
31. At the news I felt like to cry of a sudden.
32. The doctor advised my father to give up to smoke and drink.
33. Remember mailing the letter on your way to school.
34. The house needs to repair.
35. I always enjoy to watch him act Hamlet.
36. Unless you two stop to fight, I'll call in the police.
37. I want going home right now.
C. 다음을 단문은 복문으로, 복문은 단문으로 바꾸시오
38. He is proud that he is a poet. ->
39. He was proud that he was a poet. ->
40. I am sure that he was an teacher. ->
41. I was sure that Tom had passed the exam. ->
42. I am sure that he will succeed. ->
43. I remember that I saw her. ->
44. I remember that I will post the letter. ->
45. I forgot that I had met her before. ->
04동명사
A.
1. Talking
2. It
3. it, walking
4. to, coming
5. going
6. smoking
7. to post
8. to smoke
9. without, to
10. On
11. getting
12. sleeping,
13. about, say, Shall we
14. no
15. from
16. of, winning
17. on, taking
18. being
19. seeing
20. help, but
21. speaking of
22. knowing, impossible, can not
23. of no use, useless
24. worth, worth while, wortth while, worthy of
B.
25. to make → making
26. to → from starting
27. to read → reading
28. to smoke → from smoking
29. to read → reading
30. to study → studying
31. to cry → cry
32. to smoke → smoking and drinking
33. mailing → to mail
34. to repair → repairing
35. to watch → watching
36. to fight → fighting
37. going → to go
C.
38. He is proud of being a poet
39. He was proud of being a poet
40. I am sure of his being an teacher
41. I was sure of Tom's having passed the exam
42. I am sure of his succeeding
43. I remember seeing her
44. I remember to post the letter
45. I forgot meeting her
46. She is sorry that her husband had many defect
* Avoid Dangling Participle Phrases! (현수분사를 피할 것)
- Coming home late, the house was dark. (* -틀림)
= Coming home late, we found the house dark. (O -옳음)
= When we came home late, the house was dark. (O -옳음)
(우리가 집에 늦게 왔을 때, 그 집은 어두웠다.)
** 요 령 : 주절의 주어와 분사 구문의 동사 사이에, 주어 동사 관계가 성립되어야 한다.
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- '09년 10월의 08일 목요일 새벽
오프라 윈프리 쇼의 오프라 윈프리는
앞으로도 자기 생에 자신이 살아 숨쉼을 느끼게 해 줄 수 있는 것이라면,
그 무엇에나 도전해 보겠다고 하였습니다.
내 생의 존재감을 느끼게 해 줄수 있는 것이라면,
그 무엇이든 느껴보고 싶은 것이,
본 라 울 선생님이란 사람의 마음이랍니다.
모두 편히 잠드시길 기원하는
라 울 선생님 남 김
....... { Written, Created & Made by Raoul 4 All of U in Raoul's Empire } .... 09A10B08C.....
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